Ideological diversity in standard setting

Standard setting in medical education: fundamental concepts and emerging challenges

  The process of determining the minimum pass level to separate the competent students from those who do not perform well enough is called standard setting. A large number of methods are widely used to set cut-scores for both written and clinical examinations. There are some challenging issues pertaining to any standard setting procedure. Ignoring these concerns would result in a large dispute ...

Scientific components in standard setting.

Although it has not, to my knowledge, been precisely articulated, one concept of the scientific component of determination of a standard is that, first, all relevant published data are collected; second, a process is undertaken to derive some consensus on the reliability or meaning of the research; and third, the resulting document is transmitted to those charged with recommending a standard. S...

Standard-setting and Environment

Criterion Item Standard Setting

A method for establishing a minimum passing standard for a multiple choice test is described. The procedure is based on expert judgment about the content of test items. The method can also be used to monitor or adjust a standard that is already in place. The procedure carries advantages that are not available from other approaches to standard setting. It is easy to implement and easy for partic...

Competition and Ideological Diversity: Historical Evidence from US Newspapers

Supplemental appendix tables A.1 and A.2 evaluate the fit of the model to the reduced-form regressions presented in the paper. To evaluate model fit, we repeatedly simulate data from the estimated model and run the same regression on the simulated data that we run on the empirical samples. We average coefficients and standard errors across simulation replications. Supplemental appendix figure A...